In this study, we combine multimodal neuroimaging and multivariate statistical analysis in a large cohort of preterm infants at term-equivalent age. We report a set of orthogonal imaging phenotypes associated with specific antenatal and postnatal factors that correlate with cognitive and motor outcomes at 2 years. We conclude that contemporaneous environmental factors including adverse intrauterine conditions and postnatal clinical management may prefigure the high incidence of neurocognitive impairment in preterm-born individuals via the cumulative expression of distinct diffuse injury patterns.
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