Multi-dimensional diffusion encoding can, in contrast to conventional diffusion encoding, disambiguate between isotropic and anisotropic diffusional variance in multicompartment systems. This is done by varying the shape of the encoding tensor, i.e. going from measuring one projection of the diffusion tensors to measuring the trace of the diffusion tensors. Additional morphological features, such as the sizes of cells, are reflected in the diffusion spectrum. In this study we combine encoding tensors with varying spectral content and shape. This augmented protocol demonstrates distinctively different levels of microscopic fractional anisotropy (µFA) and time-dependent diffusion in phantoms and in white matter, cerebral cortex, and cerebellar cortex in a fixed monkey brain.
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