Double Echo Steady State (DESS) breast imaging for T2 and diffusion-weighted imaging in the breast is limited due to prominent ghosting artifacts. While actual respiratory motion of the breast tissue is minimal due to the prone position of the patient as well as immobilization paddles on the coil, respiratory-induced B0-variation is a source of ghosting. A method based on a per-TR off-resonance estimate and simulated phase data for correction of ghosting artifacts in DESS in the breast is described and validated in eight breast cancer patients. The new method effectively reduces ghosting artifact greatly improving image quality.
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