MS is a progressive disorder in which demyelination, axonal degeneration, and inflammation contribute to disease pathogenesis. ADEM is classically an acute, monophasic demyelinating disease in which axonal damage is present but minimal. About 20 percent of ADEM cases can have relapses and are diagnosed with MS later, posing a diagnostic dilemma at initial presentation. In this study, we investigate the role of directional diffusivity DTI as a MR biomarker to differentiate and predict Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in pediatric patients.
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