Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an ideal tool for therapeutic monitoring in clinical trials although its role has not been formally examined. An initial search in a clinical trials database showed 488 studies; however the results were cross-referenced with the scientific literature to yield 61 studies demonstrating the use of MRS in clinical trials. It is most frequently used to study hepatic lipid content, followed by studies of skeletal muscle, and finally the brain, which surprisingly was only 15% of the MRS studies. A review is provided to assess its importance as a non-invasive and quantitative biomarker for disease.
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