The purpose of the present study was to evaluate key molecular and cellular features of Graves’ orbitopathy by simultaneous monitoring of alterations in morphology, inflammatory patterns, and tissue remodeling. Beyond anatomical 1H MRI, we employed T2 mapping for visualization of edema, chemical exchange saturation transfer for detection of hyaluronan, and 19F MRI for tracking of in situ labeled immune cells after intravenous injection of perfluorcarbons. In particular, 19F MRI allowed a sensitive demarcation of inflammatory foci in the orbit, even when other markers indicated only weak or no signs of tissue alterations.
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