We explore the temporal dynamics of tumor intracellular partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in a murine glioma model receiving human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy. Tumor cells were intracellularly labeled with perfluoro-crown-ether (PCE) nanoemulsion ex vivo before flank injection in mouse. The spin-lattice relaxation rate (R1) of PCE is linearly proportional to the local oxygen concentration, enabling longitudinal in vivo measurement of absolute pO2 values. Our results indicate that CAR T cell therapy induces significant tumor pO2 increase peaking three days post-intravenous injection and correlates to tumor growth reduction.
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