Genetically encoded fluorescent reporter iGluSnFR for extracellular glutamate (Glu) sensing and genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f for calcium sensing are applied with two channel fiber optic recording system in combination with BOLD fMRI. The intracellular calcium signal from both neurons and astrocytes, as well as the extracellular glutamate signal, were recorded with concurrent BOLD fMRI signal from both hemispheres of anesthetized rats, showing unique temporal dynamic pattern. This multi-modal fMRI platform allows us to specify the neurovascular signaling through the neuro-glial-vascular network and provide better understanding on the cellular and molecular interaction underlying the BOLD fMRI signal.
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