Single-vessel fMRI has been developed to map the BOLD signal from individual venules and the CBV signal from individual arterioles penetrating the cortex of anesthetized rats. Here, we applied phase-contrast (PC) imaging to measure the velocity of blood flow from individual penetrating arterioles and venules, which could be characterized as dark and bright dots in an arteriole-venule map with a multi gradient-echo sequence. The neuronal activity-coupled cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes can be directly measured with the PC-based velocity mapping from individual vessels. Thus, we have established single-vessel CBF fMRI mapping with phase-contrast imaging.
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