The goal of this study was to investigate the anatomical neural correlates underlying expertise acquisition between expert versus novice chess players using MRI. We found that the acquisition of expertise is accompanied by gray-matter volumetric changes in subcortical brain structures implicated in memory and reinforcement learning. By comparison, the anatomical circuits involved in acquired chess expertise differ from other expertise domains. Improving the understanding of the neural correlates underpinning expertise may prove useful in designing individualized training strategies.
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