Non-water-suppressed MR spectroscopy in the form of metabolite-cycled MRS and longitudinal-relaxation-enhanced MRS (also termed non-water-excitation, NWE) has come into focus when studying compounds with exchanging protons (observed in the downfield region) or compounds like NAD+ that seem to be affected by cross relaxation from water. Here, we strive to implement new NWE techniques that can be used at 3T and allow for very short TE and observation of fast exchanging protons. 2D I-CSE, a combination of 2D ISIS and slice-selection with chemical shift selective excitation, fulfills this profile and first human brain applications show large signal contributions from exchanging protons.
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