Prostate cancer (PCa) is second most common cause of cancer death among American men. Curently clinicians rely on needle biopsies for PCa grading, although biopsy Gleason scores often differ from those of pathological analyses. We demonstrated modified-DBSI captured and quantified heterogeneous diffusion fingerprints reflecting prostatic histopathology, capable of noninvasively grading PCa with high accuracy. The diagnostic power of modified-DBSI could prevent low-grade cancer patients from undergoing unnecessary and costly invasive procedures, offering patients more reliable assessments on cancer progression during active surveillance, and helping patients and clinicians to determine the most appropriate treatment options.
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