Diffusion MRI images for fiber tractography are often acquired at low spatial resolution which may lead to underestimation of smaller tracts with complex morphology. Although upsampling may improve results, this has had mixed observations in the literature. We compared three datasets (2×2×2 mm3, 1.5×1.5×1.5 mm3, and 2×2×2 mm3 upsampled to 1.5×1.5×1.5 mm3) obtained and processed using state-of-the-art hardware and methodology. By evaluating the appearances and streamline metrics of the corticospinal tract, anterior commissure and small subcortical U-shaped fibers as test bundles, we demonstrated that the original high-resolution dataset outperformed both the low-resolution and upsampled data in resolving complex regional anatomy.
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