The MR visualization of radiation treatment margins may be helpful during radiotherapy for liver cancer to monitor early response of the tumor and acute damage in non-tumor liver parenchyma. To demonstrate that MR signals from SPIO-labelled Kupffer cells may be changed in direct relation to the cellular response to x-irradiation, we examined the changes in transverse relaxation rates, R2’ (R2’=R2*-R2) of cell phantoms containing SPIO-labelled and x-irradiated macrophage-like J774A.1 cells in vitro. We found that x-irradiation to macrophages can cause SPIO deposition and R2’ elevation in a dose range of 0 to 10 Gy.
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