Multi-baseline proton resonant frequency (PRF) shift MR thermometry has been proposed to address the potential mismatch between baseline images and images during thermal therapy in moving organs. Previous methods had to compromise the spatial coverage to increase temporal resolution for resolving motion. This work developed a dynamic 3D stack-of-radial multi-baseline PRF MR thermometry method to monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound heating in moving tissue. The proposed method achieved stable and accurate thermometry with volumetric coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution, validated in a tissue motion phantom with temperature probe measurements.
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