Contrast-enhanced MRI methods follow the dynamic passage of exogenous paramagnetic contrast agents to provide perfusion-related parameters, such as cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow, or permeability-related parameters, such as the volume transfer constant or extravascular extracellular volume. Perfusion- and permeability-related biomarkers can inform on different, but complementary, aspects related to vascular proliferation and angiogenic processes. Separate acquisitions and contrast injections are typically used to acquire both perfusion (DSC) and permeability (DCE) in patients. More advanced acquisitions involving multiple echoes permit simultaneous assessment of both perfusion and permeability information and may provide new insight into tumor-induced hemodynamic changes.
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