Ashley Gould Anderson III1, Sebastian Gruhlke2,
Oliver Wieben1,3, Michael Markl2,4
1Medical Physics, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; 2Medical Physics,
University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 3Radiology,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; 4Diagnostic Radiology,
University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Respiratory
motion causes significant artifacts during 4D-Flow imaging in the torso due
to long scan time requirements. Respiratory gating based on navigator signals
or external measurements with bellows have been shown to reduce phase-related
motion artifacts in long two- and three-dimensional free breathing
acquisitions. Moreover, real-time adaptive k-space reordering, i.e. phase
encoding based on the current position in the respiration cycle, can considerably
improve navigator efficiency and thus reduce overall scan time. This work
builds on proven respiratory gating and compensation methods by extending
them to include reordering in the 3D slice-select direction in addition to
the phase-encoding direction.
Keywords