MRI-Guided Sclerotherapy of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations at 1.5T Using Tri-Plane Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequences with Variable Frame Rates: Our Experience and Imaging Times

Gurpreet S. Sandhu¹, Jamal J. Derakhshan¹, Jeffrey L. Duerk¹, Jeffrey L. Sunshine¹, Mark A. Griswold¹, Daniel P. Hsu¹

Multiplanar imaging is a crucial advantage in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when compared to other imaging modalities. Our group uses fast tri-plane gradient-echo pulse sequences for image-guided minimally invasive procedures. These sequences allow alignment of each of the three imaging planes in any desired orientation. Tri-plane imaging enables concurrent visualization of the interventional device and target lesion as well as adjacent vital structures. Now, we have developed different versions of these sequences with higher frame rates. We describe our experience including needle time with these sequences for MRI-guided sclerotherapy of low-flow vascular malformations on a 1.5T imaging system.