Slice-specific frequencies can reduce ghosting artifacts in T2*-weighted single-shot EPI with GRAPPA

In regions with magnetic field inhomogeneities, e.g. close to significant susceptibility differences as in the vicinity of major air cavities, T2*-weighted single-shot EPI with GRAPPA is susceptible to ghosting artifacts. To some extend, these artifacts seem to be related to the offset of the resonance frequency that is not handled appropriately by the GRAPPA reconstruction algorithm. Here, it is shown that with slice-specific frequencies for the data acquisition, i.e. the analog-to-digital converters demodulation frequency and phase settings, these artifacts can be reduced or even avoided.

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