Effects of NMR invisible oriented perturbers on signal phase

As gradient echo phase images are increasingly being used in MRI, it is important to understand factors which contribute to MR signal phase. Here, using numerical simulations, we investigate the effect of oriented, spheroidal, NMR-invisible perturbers of varying volume fraction and shape on the average frequency of the NMR signal for different diffusion rates. Results indicate that the frequency is generally dependent on the perturber shape and does not simply reflect the volume average susceptibility. The frequency is simply related to the perturbers demagnetising factor at short evolution times and at all times when the rate of diffusion is high.

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