Feasibility of Human Lung Ventilation MR Imaging using Naturally-Abundant Xenon with Optimized 3D SSFP

Diagnostic quality lung ventilation imaging with naturally-abundant hyperpolarized xenon gas has been demonstrated in healthy normal subjects and a healthy smoker at 1.5 T and 3 T for the first time. A 3D steady-state free precession sequence was optimized for maximal ¹²⁹ Xe image SNR via numerical simulations. SNRs of 25 - 40 were routinely achieved for a voxel size 4.2 x 4.2 x 8/10 mm ³ , with ~ 30% improvement at 3 T versus 1.5 T. Image quality was comparable to that obtained with 400 mL enriched xenon and 200 mL ³ He, and was sufficient for identification of minor ventilation defects.

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