Amine as a novel biomarker for differentiating malignancy of breast cancer cells

To differentiate the malignancy of breast cancer cells is vital for optimal cancer treatment. Amide proton transfer (APT), a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique, has been reported to show changes in brain tumors, but amine proton exchange from endogenous metabolites and free proteins/peptides side chains can also be a major contributor to CEST signal. In this work, we show how differences in amine proton exchange may be used to differentiate breast cancer cells with different malignant potential and conclude that amine proton may function as a new endogenous biomarker for non-invasively evaluating malignancy of breast cancer cells.

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