This work presents a model-based imaging method, which integrates low-rank modeling, sparse modeling with parallel imaging, to enable 4D real-time phase-contrast flow MRI without ECG gating and respiration control. The proposed method achieves real-time imaging at a spatial resolution of 2.4 mm, temporal resolution of 35 ms, with three directional flow encodings, and well resolves beat-by-beat flow variations, which cannot be achieved by the conventional cine-based method. The proposed has been evaluated by in vivo data with multiple healthy subjects and one arrhythmic patient. For the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of real-time 4D PC flow MRI.
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