Velocity-to-noise ratio in 4D flow improves with low velocity encoding (VENC), but is usually compromised to prevent velocity aliasing. Dual-VENC and multi-directional velocity encoding schemes have been proposed to circumvent these issues, but result in an increased acquisition time. In this study, we developed a motion-robust highly accelerated 4D flow acquisition with multi-directional velocity encodings to target applications with a wide range of velocities in clinically acceptable acquisition times, for applications such as imaging of abdominal aneurysms, and simultaneous assessment of cardiac tissue phase mapping and intracardiac blood flow.
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