The astrocytic Ca2+ signal could be simultaneously acquired with either BOLD-fMRI or LFP signal in the rat cortex under anesthesia. Intrinsic astrocytic Ca2+ bursts spikes were detected in the cortex with suppressed spontaneous LFP and negative BOLD fMRI signal. These astrocytic Ca2+ spike events were different from the normal activity-evoked Ca2+ signal and also differentiate themselves from the lesion/stimulation-induced large-scale depolarization or spreading depression given the instantaneous whole-brain pattern and correlation with the thalamic LFP. The intrinsic astrocytic Ca2+ spike may mediate the brain states through the arousal thalamic pathway.
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