While pulse oximetry (PO) is often used with fMRI to provide the timing of heart beats, few studies have focused on fluctuations in the amplitude of PO waveform in the context of fMRI signals. Here, we examine correlations between spontaneous fMRI signals and PO amplitude (POA) variations, observing a strong dependence on vigilance state. During alertness, POA-fMRI correlations were weaker but encompassed regions comprising the default-mode network. During drowsiness and NREM sleep, POA co-varied extensively with BOLD signals across the brain.
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