Transmembrane water cycling has long been thought an entirely passive, diffusion-dominated process. Recent studies suggest that an energetically active water cycling (AWC) mechanism, driven by Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) pump activity, also occurs in different cell types, including neurons and astrocytes. Here we hypothesize that monitoring AWC could provide a new, more direct physical indicator of neuronal activity, which involves much ion cycling and enhanced NKA activity. By investigating neuronal populations in vitro under resting conditions with spontanotanous activity, and perturbed with tetrodotoxin (TTX), we found TTX simultanously reduces neuronal spiking activity and AWC (by >63%) suggesting AWC directly reflects neuronal activity.
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