Microscopic diffusion anisotropy and tissue heterogeneity are two independent features of tumor microstructure that can be probed by diffusion MRI but only by using so-called b-tensor encoding. These independent features reflect cell shapes and cell density variance in tumors. Here, we demonstrate high-quality maps of these features, derived from data acquired in only 3 minutes, in patients with various brain tumor histologies. Several remarkable features were observed which suggest that the maps may contribute valuable diagnostic information, in particular since the features vary both within and between tumors.
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