We investigated whether chemical shift imaging (CSI) is useful for differentiating multiple myeloma infiltration from hematopoietic bone marrow and for quantitatively assessing disease severity. For those myeloma patients with relatively high cellularity in the bone marrow, a lower signal drop on oppose phase images indicated a higher tumor burden. For bone marrow with relatively low cellularity, disease severity was not reflected on CSI. CSI did not prove useful for differentiating myeloma infiltration from hematopoietic bone marrow, which implies that differentiation between regrowth of hematopoietic bone marrow and minimal residual disease or relapse after chemotherapy might be difficult with CSI.
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