Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) exert sexually dimorphic effects on cognition and emotion processing in healthy individuals, and abnormalities in these neuroendocrine systems are observed in schizophrenia with a sex-dependent manner. Here we examined sex-dependent hormone associations with resting brain activity by applying resting-fMRI and their clinical associations in schizophrenia patients relative to healthy controls. We found that hormones differentially associate with brain networks, the sex-dependent alternation of hormone and brain activity are important for cognition and emotion processing in men and women with schizophrenia.
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