We combined 11C-PBR28 imaging on a high resolution, integrated human MR-PET system with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate brain metabolites abnormalities and microglia activation in the motor cortex of multiple sclerosis subjects relative to healthy controls. Our study provided increase of microglia activation and decrease of N-acetylaspartate, the latter indicating neuronal injury and/or loss, in multiple sclerosis compared to controls. None of the other metabolites (choline, myoinositol, glutamine, glutamate, phosphocholine) showed significant differences between the two groups. Also, we did not find a correlation between 11C-PBR28 binding and the metabolites concentration, suggesting that the two measures reflect distinct pathological aspects.
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