Abstract #3875

Can sodium triple-quantum signal separate extra- and intracellular signals? – investigation on HEP G2 liver cells, liposomes and nanoparticles

Michaela A U Hoesl¹, Dennis Kleimaier¹, Ruomin Hu¹, Matthias Malzacher¹, Eric Gottwald², Cordula Nies², and Lothar R Schad¹

¹Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, ²Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Sodium MRI is increasing in popularity albeit the apparent challenges of low SNR and fast bi-exponential decay. Currently, intra- and extra cellular sodium can only be resolved by introducing a chemical shift reagent which is unusable in human studies due to toxicity. There is discussion on whether triple-quantum signal (TQS) could provide a discriminator for resolving intra- and extracellular signal due to motion restriction of sodium ions within the cell. This work investigates the TQS behavior using a triple quantum sequence with time proportional phase increment (TQTPPI) on liposomes, HEP G2 liver cells and nanoparticles to disentangle the reasons for occurring TQS.

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