We describe the use of black-blood 3D fast spin echo with variable refocusing flip angles for whole-heart imaging. The technique allows efficient, volumetric high-resolution imaging of the heart and great vessels, and improves aortic vessel wall delineation compared to conventional 2D double-inversion recovery. It also provides complementary diagnostic information to 3D bright-blood bSSFP, particularly for the visualization of pulmonary veins. This was demonstrated in a study of 8 patients with congenital heart disease.
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