We investigated the cerebellar microstructure and wiring diagram in a mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), using HARDI-based tractography analysis. Our results showed an absence of cerebellar climbing fibers (CF) and/or mossy fibers (MF) in the intra-granule layer of the DS mice at neonatal stage, when those fiber tracts started to form in the control neonatal brains. In the adult mice, two groups of crossing fibers—the CF/MF fibers versus the parallel fibers (PF) were identified, but the number of crossing fibers and apparent fiber density was significantly reduced in the granule layer of the DS mice, especially for the CF/MF group.
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