When used for quantification of intracardiac and extracardiac shunts, 4D Flow MRI has been shown to have high reproducibility between measurement location and observers, and high consistency with MRI measurements of stroke volume. However, there has been little data showing its relationship to invasive measurements obtained during catheter angiography, which serves as the clinical reference standard at many institutions. We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent 4D Flow MRI and invasive right heart catheterization during clinical work-up of congenital heart disease. 4D Flow measurements correlated extremely well with invasive measurements of shunt fraction by oximetry and cardiac output by Fick calculation in patients without a shunt.
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