We address the degeneracy of the diffusion standard model and improve the precision and accuracy in parameter estimation, thus promoting clinical applicability. Acquisition of additional data is not required; instead, we introduce a more robust and accurate estimator by fitting the standard model directly to diffusion-weighted data rather than its rotational invariants. We are able to overcome the implicit assumption of data being shelled in terms of b-values. This enables the correction of gradient nonlinearities to avoid biases in model parameter estimation, whereas revising the optimal experimental design demonstrates that non-shelled encoding schemes are favorable in terms of achievable precision.
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