Gradient coils often need expensive, manufacturing processes such as gluing, etching, and/or milling. The purpose of this study is to propose low-cost gradients using commercially-available printed circuit boards (PCBs). For proof of concept, we fabricated four types of PCB-gradients for different MRI systems: cylindrical transverse gradients for a 1.5 T, 280 mm-bore superconducting magnet (SCM), for a 4.7 T, 89 mm-bore SCM, and for a 9.4 T, 54 mm-bore SCM, and planar gradients for a 0.2 T, 160 mm-gap permanent magnet. We verified that the PCB gradients outperform the hand-wound gradients.
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