A surrogate strategy to the Proton Resonance Frequency technique that fails when short T2* tissue are present is the measurement of the longitudinal relaxation times T1. In order to monitor temperature in real-time, a 2D version of the Magnetization Prepared 2 Gradient Echo (MP2RAGE) sequence has been developed, and the cartesian encoding has been replaced by radial ones to obtain an ultra-short Echo Time (UTE). This enabled to measure T1 of short T2*-phantoms and to perform MR thermometry every 8s over a wide range of temperatures and consequently of T1.
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