Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the brain was performed in healthy humans and cynomolgus monkeys at comparable age using almost identical MR parameters, including the magnetic field strength. This comparative study revealed very similar values of magnetic susceptibility in gray matter structures between the two species, but a significantly lower magnetic susceptibility in parts of the corpus callosum of monkeys compared to the humans. This difference may be related to differences in the position of fiber tracts relative to the magnetic field lines, but it may also reflect differences in iron content, fiber density, and myelination.
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