We describe a systematic optimization of gradient-echo-based SWI at 7T, encompassing SNR in single-echo vs multi-echo acquisitions (both monopolar and bipolar), coil combination, phase unwrapping, filtering, echo weighting and correction of image inhomogeneity. The improvement achieved with the resulting Contrast-weighted, Laplace-unwrapped, bipolar multi-Echo, ASPIRE-combined, homogeneous, improved Resolution SWI (or CLEAR-SWI) is compared to ‘Standard’ single-echo, Homodyne filtered SWI in healthy subjects and patients. CLEAR-SWI reduces signal dropout, eliminates wrap artefacts and provides multi-echo phase and magnitude data for R2* mapping and QSM. Applied clinically, it provides improved visibility of multiple sclerosis lesions and the composition of tumors.
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