Neuroanatomical correlates of long-term cognitive impairment after a paediatric traumatic brain injury are not established. Acutely acquired T1w MPRAGE MRI scans were used to calculate morphometric similarity between cortical areas. A supervised learning approach showed that, after cross-validation, morphometric similarity explained 12% variance in cognitive functioning two-years post-injury, beyond that of individual structural features. Thus, morphometric similarity is a useful approach to understand the diffuse effects of neurological insult on the still-developing brain and how this may predict later neuropsychological functioning.
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