MR-guided laser-interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic method that has created new options for surgically challenging lesions. Most MRgLITT procedures depend on proton-resonance-frequency (PRF) shift-based MR thermometry. However, it can be hampered by magnetic susceptibility changes generated during laser ablation. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that laser-heating induced susceptibility changes can lead to significant temperature errors, with ex-vivo (pig muscle and brain tissues), in-vivo (Doberman) and clinical (epilepsy patient) experiments. A new algorithm based on multi-echo GRE instead of the conventional single-echo GRE is also introduce to correct the susceptibility-induced temperature errors.
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