Upregulation of aerobic glycolysis and an elevated lactate accumulation have been linked to tumour aggressiveness. However, current evidence drawn from cell culture and small animal models remains controversial. Since lactate and lipid share the same spectral frequency, conventional MRS is inadequate in quantification of lactate under overwhelming lipid signal. Double quantum filtered (DQF) MRS allows excellent suppression of lipid signal from adipose breast tissues. We conducted a cross sectional study to examine the prognostic role of lactate concentration in grade II and III whole breast tumours using DQF MRS for the quantification of lactate concentration.
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