Deep-learning based reconstruction methods have shown great promise for undersampled MR reconstruction. However, their lack of interpretability, and the nonconvex nature impedes their utility as they may converge to undesirable local minima. Moreover, training deep networks in high-dimensional imaging applications such as DCE, and 4D flow requires large amounts of memory that may overload GPUs. Here, we advocate a layer-wise training method amenable to convex optimization, and scalable for training 3D-4D datasets. We compare convex layer-wise training to traditional end-to-end training. The proposed method matches the reconstruction quality of end-to-end training while it is interpretable, convex, and demands less memory.
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