Early brain development is punctuated by rapid changes in the white and gray matter, including myelination and advancing microstructure, architecture, volume, and geometry. Here we explored the relationships between, and influence of, these changing neuroanatomical properties and advancing cognitive skill in healthy and typically developing toddlers and young children. Unlike past results in older children and adults, we find few significant associations between cortical morphometry measures and cognition. Instead, we find strong associations between intra-cortical myelin content and measures of language and visual reception function.
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