In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and sensitivity of 31P two-dimensional CSI sequence for the detection of alkaline Pi in the soleus, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles in six healthy volunteers in rest. The major finding of the current study was the consistent detection of an alkaline Pi from the cytosolic Pi signal in the volume localized 31P MRS from the resting muscle in healthy human subjects at 3T using decoupling technique. This study provides the proof of concept for a non-invasive and localized method to determine the alkaline Pi, a potential index of mitochondrial density at rest.
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