A multi-centre, multi-vendor study in 8 travelling healthy volunteers was conducted for technical validation of variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping in the liver across 6 scanners (3 vendors and 2 field strengths). The 95% CI was 28±8% for the bias in VFA liver T1, 10±3% for the intra-scanner repeatability CV and 28±6% for the inter-scanner reproducibility CV. These values are comparable to B1+ corrected VFA T1 in prostate, brain, and breast. Any proposed refinement of the VFA method in the liver should demonstrate a significant improvement on those benchmarks before it can be recommended as a future standard.
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