A strong off-resonance field around metallic implants induces unreliable phase maps and limits the application of phase-based MRI techniques. State-of-the-art MR phase mapping and unwrapping techniques perform poorly under the influence of metallic implants because of their limited dynamic range and susceptibility to noise. In this study, we developed a fully automatic phase mapping technique based on a multi-echo GRE sequence with unevenly spaced echoes and a high-dynamic-range phase reconstruction algorithm. We tested the proposed method with numerical simulations and human subjects with metallic implants.
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