3D bSSFP is the standard for anatomical evaluation of congenital heart disease, but provides suboptimal visualization of the pulmonary veins due to off resonance and flow. Solutions have been proposed to reduce the sensitivity of the bSSFP acquisition to these factors with limited success. However, the T2prep pulse that is routinely applied for bSSFP imaging also likely contributes to pulmonary vein signal loss. In this study, we compare multiple contrast preparation schemes for 3D bSSFP imaging which minimize sensitivity of off-resonance to improve pulmonary vein visualization.
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