Pilot Tone (PT) navigators are tones within the MR receiver bandwidth that are used to estimate subject motion. However, the PT must be placed outside the imaging band. This is not always feasible for all types of imaging (e.g. spine imaging) and systems, since the PT may overlap with the image. In this work, we propose Spread-Spectrum Modulated Pilot Tone (SSMPT), which spreads the energy of the pilot tone over the entire imaging band. SSMPT produces comparable motion estimates to PT and respiratory bellows, as demonstrated in a free-breathing scan with a healthy volunteer.
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